Glass tiles are pieces of glass that were used in mosaics as early as 2500 BC, but it took until the 3rd Century BC before innovative artisans in Greece, Persia and India and formed glass into tiles.
Whereas clay tiles are dated as early as 8,000 BC, there were significant barriers to the development of glass tiles, included the high temperatures required to melt glass, and the complexities of mastering various annealing curves for glass.
In recent years, glass tiles have become a popular field and accent tiles. This trend can be attributed to recent technological breakthroughs, as well as the tiles’ inherent properties, in particular their potential to impart intense color and reflect light, and their imperviousness to water.
Glass in tile introduces complexities to the installer, as glass is more rigid than ceramic or porcelain tile, so glass tiles break more readily under the duress of substrate shifts.
Smalti tile, sometimes referred to as Byzantine glass mosaic tile, are typically opaque glass tiles that were originally developed for us in mosaics created during the time of the Byzantine empire.
Smalti is made by mixing molten glass with metal oxides for color; the result is a cloudy mixture that is poured into flat slabs that are cooled and broken into individual pieces. The molten mixture can also be topped with gold leaf, followed by a thin glass film to protect against tarnishing. During the Byzantine era, Constantinople became the center of the mosaic craft, and the use of gold leaf glass mosaic reached perhaps it greates artistic expression in the former seat of the Orthodox patriarch of Constantinople, the Hagia Sophia.
Traditional smalti tiles are still found today in many European churches and ornamental objects; the method is also used by some present-day artisans. In the 1920, mass production method technology was applied to the manufacture of Smalti tiles, enabling these tiles to find their way into many middle class homes. Instead of rolling the glass mixture out and cutting it when cool, the molten liquid and pours it into trays, producing regular chicklet-type pieces. Aboutglasstile.com
Since the 1990’s a variety of modern glass tile technologies, including methods to take used glass and recreate it as ‘green’ tiles, has resulted in a resurgence of interest in glass tile as a floor and wall cladding. It is now commonly used in kitchens, spas and bathrooms. And while smalti tiles are still popular, small and large format glass products are now commonly formed using cast and fused glass methods. The plasticity of these last two methods has resulted in a wide variety of looks and applications, including [floor tiles] FCI Magazine.
Sources
- FCI Magazine
- About Glass Tile
- The Joy of Shards
Categories: Decorative art | Mosaic | Art materials | Glass art
